The activity of a single-celled organism is represented in the diagram below.

Which concept is best illustrated by this diagram?*

The chart below shows a comparison of the blood sugar levels for two individuals who took part in a scientific study.

Scientists have observed that blood sugar levels rose by different amounts in the two individuals even though they were given identical portions of bananas and cookies. These results were obtained because*

Plants are green because they contain the protein chlorophyll. A bucket was left on the lawn for one week. When the bucket was removed, the grass under the bucket had turned from green to a yellowish white color. This change is due to the interaction between the grass and*

In the summer, the arctic fox appears brown because its cells produce a dark pigment. However, in the winter, the arctic fox appears white because the dark pigment is not produced. The color change is most likely due to the effect of*

Researchers recently discovered that when hammerhead sharks were moved to shallower water, resulting in exposure to increased light intensity, their backs turned a deep brownish black. Which statement best supports this observation?*

A hydrangea plant has blue flowers when grown in acidic soil, but has pink flowers when grown in basic soil. A clone of the pink-flowered plant is grown in acidic soil and produces blue flowers. This change in flower color is most likely due to*

The photographs below are of two Siamese cats.

The Siamese breed has a gene that controls fur color. The cat in the first photograph was kept indoors while the cat in the second photograph was kept outdoors. Which statement best explains the differences in fur color between these two cats?*

A photograph of a Siamese cat is shown below.

Siamese cats have dark fur on areas of the body that are cooler and light fur on parts of the body that are warmer. The color differences in this Siamese cat are most likely due to*

Identical twins were separated at birth and raised by two different families. Years later, one twin was a physically fit member of the cross-country team, and the other twin was overweight with slightly higher-than-normal blood pressure. The differences in these twins could be explained by the fact that*

The diagram below represents genetic material.

The expression of the section labeled X may be modified by*

Chlorophyll gives plants their green color. Chlorophyll is produced only when plants are exposed to light, so plants kept in darkness have no chlorophyll and appear white. The best explanation for this is that*

Several goldfish were kept in a small aquarium for several years. The fish grew to be approximately 6 centimeters long in the first year, and after that, growth in length stopped. These fish were later transferred to a large pond. In the pond, the goldfish grew much larger, reaching lengths of around 25 centimeters. Which statement provides the best explanation for the increased growth of the fish in the pond?*

In the early 1900s, experiments were conducted on two caterpillar species. The members of the two species were each divided into two groups. One group of each species was placed under red light, while the other group of each species was kept in the dark. When the caterpillars developed into butterflies, their wings showed extreme color differences. Exposure to red light resulted in intensely colored wings, while those kept in the dark had paler wing colors. The color differences were most likely due to*

Identify two environmental factors that can lead to an increase in the number of epigenetic markers that modify gene expression. [1]*

Discuss the process used by scientists to insert a gene from one organism into the DNA of another. In your answer, be sure to:

• identify the scientific technique used to insert a gene from one organism into another [1]

• describe the function of a gene [1]

• identify the type of molecule used to cut the gene from the DNA of an organism [1]

• state one benefit of this technique to humans [1]*